UGC NET Economics 2025: Check Unit-Wise Notes & Study Material

The National Eligibility Test (NET) is administered on behalf of the University Grants Commission (UGC) for assessing the capability of Indian nationals for the eligibility of Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), Assistant Professorship, or both in Indian universities, colleges, and institutions recognized by UGC. The UGC NET Economics Exam 2025 is crucial for those who aspire to build careers in academics or research in the field of economics. With the June cycle approaching, candidates must gear up with a strong understanding of the UGC NET Economics syllabus, previous year question papers, preparation strategies, and reliable books and coaching resources.

These notes help emphasize more vital areas of the syllabus and ensure further understanding of the subject matter that is helpful in getting prepared for the examination. To study more topics for the UGC-NET examination, download the Testbook App now.

Download UGC NET Paper 1 Important Questions PDF

UGC NET Economics Notes Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025

The UGC NET Economics exam 2025 will be conducted for a total of 150 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) spread over two papers—Paper I (General) and Paper II (Subject-Specific Economics). The exam duration will be 3 hours and there is no negative marking.

UGC NET Economics Paper Pattern (2025)

Fig: UGC NET ECONOMICS

UGC NET Paper 2 Marking Scheme

The UGC NET Economics Paper II is entirely objective-type and carries 2 marks for each correct answer.

•  Correct Answer Marking: 2 marks will be awarded per correct response.
•  Wrong Answer Marking: There is no penalty for incorrect answers (No negative marking).

Candidates are advised to answer all questions since there’s no deduction for wrong attempts, making it crucial for maximizing your score.

UGC NET Minimum Qualifying Marks (2025)

Minimum qualifying marks are essential benchmarks that aspirants need to secure for further eligibility. The National Testing Agency (NTA) has set category-wise qualifying percentages:

Category-wise Minimum Marks

These marks apply to the aggregate score of Paper I and Paper II combined.

UGC NET Economics Paper 2 Syllabus (Unit-Wise Breakdown)

The UGC NET Economics syllabus for Paper II comprises 10 very clear units, which encapsulate the principle areas of study in the subject. Below is a well-organized breakdown of information under the newly updated sources:

Unit 1: Microeconomics UGC NET Economics Notes

Microeconomics is the basic branch of economics that studies how or why people choose to take actions and make decisions in allocating resources and setting prices. UGC NET aspirants in economics should understand the principles of microeconomics before analyzing the market and consumer behavior. These notes present an overall view of the major elements, theories, and frameworks in microeconomics regarding demand and supply analysis, elasticity, production and costs, market structures, and welfare economics. These notes enable the candidates to lay a concrete foundation related to microeconomic theory, which is important for their success in the UGC NET examination as well as for further study in commerce and economics. Game theory in economics helps study how people and companies make decisions when interacting with others while considering possible outcomes of choices.

Unit 2- Macro Economics UGC NET Economics Notes

Students are trained in power macroeconomics, one of the classes of economics, for studying the economy's performance and working as a large whole. Therefore, with regard to this fact, knowledge is essentially strong in macroeconomics as it will consider not merely national income or inflation and unemployment but also economic growth, fiscal and monetary policies for aspirants preparing for UGC NET Economics. These notes on key macroeconomic theories, models, and indicators, give a broad outline of issues that will equip candidates with the points for analyzing trends in economy and policies. Through these notes, the aspirant is equipped to build a solid foundation in macroeconomic theory-the quintessential input to do well in the UGC NET exam and further studies in commerce and economics.

Unit 3- Statistics and Econometrics UGC NET Economics Notes

Statistics and econometrics are therefore the two intrinsic constituents that makeup economics, providing tools to students for analyzing data and testing economic theories. It is within this background that the candidates appearing for the UGC NET examination in Economics must not only be informed about these disciplines, but also see them as the tools for alternative empirical research or to assist in any informed decision of an economic kind. These notes provide elementary material on concepts, approaches, and statistical techniques in economic analysis, hypothesis testing, regression, and time series analysis, among others. In this way, applicants will receive firsthand experience in applying statistical methods to economics, which will prepare them for the study of statistical methods that can ensure passing the UGC NET examination, and to further their career in this field.

Unit 4- Mathematical Economics UGC NET Economics Notes

The field of mathematical economics is one of the specialized fields in economics whereby mathematical methods are used for representation of economic theory and analysis of economic relationships. In the case of the UGC NET aspirant in Economics, mathematical economics becomes very important in understanding very complex economic models and also optimizing decision-making. These notes provide exactly the kind of overview of some of the major mathematical concepts that include functions, optimization techniques, and equilibrium analysis. These notes will help aspirants to enhance their analytical skills in addressing quantitative problems within economics and hence equip them with the necessary competence that one needs to pass the UGC NET examination and excel in other academic pursuits in this regard.

Unit 5- International Economics UGC NET Economics Notes

International economics refers to the whole study of interaction among economies of different countries in its two broad aspects of trade and investment and international economic policy. This would also mean that knowledge in the area of international economics is going to be very much needed in the foreign markets and how international trade would affect domestic economies for aspirants of UGC NET Economics. The notes cover detailed information on concepts such as comparative advantage, trade theories, balance of payments, and the mechanisms of the exchange rate. A student going through these notes shall become equipped with all the insights that will enable them tackle complex socio-cultural issues internationally and thereby succeed in the UGC NET and other high academia undertakings.

Unit 6- Public Economics UGC NET Economics Notes

Public economics is one of the areas of specialization, dealing with the analysis of the role of the government in economies, with respect to allocation of resources, taxation, and public expenditures. Therefore, for a UGC NET aspirant in Economics, knowledge in public economics is necessary in order to analyze government policies in connection with economic efficiency and equity. This set of notes contains a discussion of the subject matter which includes public goods, externalities, fiscal policy, and welfare economics. This will equip the candidate with good knowledge of public economics and analytical skills that will enable success in the UGC NET examination and in further studies in this subject.

Unit 7- Money and Banking UGC NET Economics Notes

Money and banking work as engine wheels for the economy, helping to transact and stabilize economies. Thus, for UGC NET aspirants aspiring in Economics, a clear and tight grasp on the ideas of money, functions of money, and the banking system will be very essential in evaluating monetary policies and the effects they have on economies. Apart from this, there is approximately all the important ideas regarding the nature of money, banks, their functions, instruments of monetary policy, and the workings of the financial system. These notes would immensely benefit candidates in furthering their knowledge on the dynamics of money and banking and also stand them in good stead with preparations for the NET exam and other academic endeavors in the field.

Unit 8- Growth and Development Economics UGC NET Economics Notes

Growth and development economics is a vital area, examining the factors generating economic progress and upholding a better quality of life in a society. Understanding such an aspect for UGC NET Economics aspirants is important in the analysis of those policies which design to create and support sustainable development of the economy. These notes contain all-important concepts related to economic growth theories, indicators of development, poverty alleviation strategies, and institutions. The notes presented by these authors will prepare candidates with some analytical skills that would enable them to start examining development policies and frameworks conducive to success in the UGC NET examination and any academic endeavor ahead in the field.

Unit 9- Environmental Economics and Demography UGC NET Economics Notes

Environmental economics will be one area of the utmost importance since it will establish the linkage of economic activities with the conservation of the environment while putting the effects of demography in economic development. Grasping the same with respect to the UGC NET aspirants in Economics will carry immense policy analysis with respect to sustainable development and management of ecological challenges. These lecture notes embody the key themes concerning market failure, externalities, sustainable resource management, population growth, and demographic transitions. A candidate will be well armed with insights on how to combat some of the emergent environmental problems by studying these lecture notes and their consequences regarding demographic change so as to withstand the UGC NET examinations and academic studies for the years to come.

Unit 10- Indian Economy UGC NET Economics Notes

For centuries to come, the Indian economy shall boast of being one of the most diverse and complex lines of systems in the realm of a global economy. Understanding its intricacies becomes important for any aspirant of UGC NET in the subject of Economics analyzing its growth trajectory, structural challenges, and policy frameworks. The above notes will cover a brief introduction of the concepts that underlie economic reforms, growth patterns, poverty alleviation strategies, and the role of agriculture and industry. These notes would help the candidates develop parity with and gain insight into the dynamics of the Indian economy, all of the way to success in the UGC NET examination and further studies in the subject. 

Preparation Tips for UGC NET Economics Notes

The UGC NET Economics Examination checks the understanding of theories and policies that relate to economics, concerned with both micro- and macro-languages, which are given along with other sub-fields like econometrics, Indian economy, and international economics. Preparing agreed upon a structured plan, following sharp reading of important topics, and regular practice is the key to performing well in the examination.

Understand Syllabus and Exam Pattern

Start from the very beginning and go through the UGC NET economics syllabus and exam pattern thoroughly. Paper 1 deals with general teaching and research aptitude, whereas Paper 2 is on the topic of economics, dealing with microeconomics, macroeconomics, international trade, and econometrics. It is always good to jot down the weightage of every topic and therefore able to plan accordingly so as to cover all areas.

Consult Standard Economics Textbooks

The most solid construction must depend on standard textbooks and reference materials that illuminate the most fundamental economic theories. The basic texts are Microeconomics by Pindyck and Rubinfeld, Macroeconomics by Mankiw, and Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh. These references go through both the theory and practical application that are most useful in making sense of the very complex concepts presented to students in the exam.

Emphasize Key Economic Theories and Models

The major part of economic analysis could be regarded as economic theories and models. Important topics here include theories of demand and supply, Keynesian economics, and Solow growth model. You are expected to understand these theoretical constructs so that you can solve questions based on concepts. Last but not least, do not forget the relevant equations and diagrams, which are frequently examined by way of a problem-set format. 

Practice Previous Year Papers and Mock Tests

For familiarizing oneself with the exam format and types of questions that will be expected usually, solving previous two-three years' papers should definitely be done. Mock tests, besides aiding your time management skills, will help you expose your weak areas that you need to work on before the real exam. In that way, errors made in these tests will ultimately shape your strategy that is sure to enhance accuracy in the real examination.

Keep Up to Date with Current Economic Trends and Policies

Being dynamic, economics keeps changing with the happenings on national and global fronts, making it important to be up-to-date with current economic issues. Much attention should be paid to fiscal policies introduced, trade agreements, inflation trends, and economic reforms that hover around India and other parts of the globe. Current economic events will help you link theoretical knowledge with practical real-case scenarios, often examined in the exam.

UGC NET Economics Notes: Syllabus to Follow

It is advisable for the candidates to refer to the UGC NET Economics before picking any study material for preparation. Below listed is the UGC NET Economics Syllabus for candidates to refer. 

Study Materials to Follow Along with UGC NET Economics Notes

UGC NET Economics contains the most relevant discussion on microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, etc. Most valuable for preparation is study material that turns to comprehensive notes with practice questions and their appropriate explanation on various topics under the syllabus.

Notes and Study Materials for other UGC NET Subjects