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Custodial Violence in India - Causes, Cases, and Laws

Custodial violence, a term that refers to acts of violence that occur within the confines of police or judicial custody, has been a subject of grave concern in recent times. This form of violence can take many forms, including physical torture, death, and other forms of excesses while in prison or police custody.

The subject of police reforms against custodial violence in India often sparks intense debate, particularly when incidents related to this issue make the headlines. For a comprehensive understanding of this topic, you can read more about Police Reforms in India from the linked article.

In a significant development in 2020, the Supreme Court sought the Government’s response regarding the implementation of Section 176(1A) of the CrPc. This law mandates a judicial inquiry into incidents of deaths, disappearances, rapes, and other serious incidents that occur within judicial custody.

This article delves deeper into the causes, case studies, and laws related to custodial violence in India. This information is particularly relevant for IAS Exam aspirants, as questions based on this topic may appear in the upcoming Civil Services Exam under the General Studies-2 paper or related to GS 4 case studies.

For those preparing for the upcoming IAS Exam, it's crucial to assess how well-prepared you are by referring to the UPSC Previous Year Question Papers . Complement your preparation with the following links:

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Understanding Custodial Violence: Key Points

  • Custodial violence refers to the violent acts that occur in judicial and police custody, where individuals accused of crimes are subjected to mental or physical torture.
  • A significant number of custodial deaths are attributed to factors other than custodial torture, including suicide and death during treatment in hospitals.
  • One of the major issues with custodial violence is its direct impact on human rights. This form of violence is a stark violation of human rights and poses a major hurdle in the democratic functioning of a country.
  • Although factors such as overcrowding, malnutrition, unsanitary conditions, and lack of medical care contribute to deaths in police and judicial custody, custodial violence remains a common cause of deaths in prisons and lock-ups.
  • Human rights activists and social workers have reported that some of the most egregious violations of human rights occur during investigations. In their quest to secure evidence or confessions,
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