Boost for Immunisation Drive in India - Significance & National Immunization Proagram!
Boost for Immunisation Drive in India aims at introducing advanced vaccines all across the country to strengthen the immune system against serious health conditions and diseases. Immunization is the process of giving a person vaccination to protect them against disease. There is a National Immunization Schedule made by the Ministry of Health that provides cost-effective strategies for childhood sickness and other diseases. It is given to newborns, pregnant women, children, and adolescents as per immunization schedule.
Boost for Immunisation Drive in India is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It covers a significant part of the Government Schemes subject in the General Studies Paper-2 syllabus and current events of national importance in UPSC prelims.
In this article, we shall study in detail the importance of the Boost for Immunisation Drive in India and the universal immunization pragram.
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Boost for Immunisation Drive in India – Significance & National Immunization Proagram:Download PDF here!
Recent Update
World’s Largest Vaccination Program was started in January 2021. It was the first adult vaccination drive. 2 vaccines were used against coronavirus i.e. Covershield and covaxin.
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Boost for Immunisation Drive in India – An Overview
In 1978, the Expanded Programme on Immunization was introduced. When its reach was extended outside of metropolitan areas in 1985, it was renamed the Universal Immunization Program. It was incorporated into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992, and the National Reproductive and Child Health Program covered it in 1997. The Universal Immunization Program has been a key component of the National Rural Health Mission since its inception in 2005.
National Immunization Program
- Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is one of the largest public health initiatives which targets 2.9 million expectant mothers and nearly 2.67 million babies each year.
- It is one of the most economically beneficial public health initiatives and is primarily to blame for the decline in the under-5 mortality rate that can be prevented by vaccination.
- UIP offers free vaccinations against 12 diseases that can be prevented by vaccines.
- 9 diseases are nationally controlled: Pertussis, Tetanus, Measles, Rubella(a severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis), Hepatitis B, Diphtheria, Polio, Meningitis & Pneumonia which is caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B
| 12 Vaccinable Diseases | |||
| SNo. | Disease | SNo. | Disease |
| 1 | Diphtheria | 7 | Polio |
| 2 | Pertussis | 8 | Pneumonia caused by Hemophilus Influenza type B |
| 3 | Tetanus | 9 | Japanese Encephalitis (JE) |
| 4 | Measles | 10 | Rotavirus Diarrhea |
| 5 | Rubella, a severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis | 11 | Pneumococcal Pneumonia |
| 6 | Hepatitis B | 12 | Meningitis |
- Rotavirus diarrhea, pneumococcal pneumonia, and Japanese encephalitis are three diseases that are sub-nationally controlled
- The Rotavirus vaccine and the Pneumococcal Conjugate vaccine is being expanded
- JE vaccine is only available in areas where the disease is endemic.
- If a child obtains all recommended vaccinations according to the national immunization schedule within the first year of life, the child is considered completely immunized.
- The eradication of polio in 2014 and the elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus in 2015 have been the two key achievements of UIP.
Study in detail about Types Of Vaccines with this link!
New vaccines
To Boost for immunisation drive in India, 16 March is celebrated as National Vaccination Day and 10 November is observed as World Immunization Day every year. Some of the new vaccines and their features are listed below.
| Vaccines | Features |
| Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) | In order to reduce the danger associated with the switch from (Trivalent oral polio vaccine) tOPV to (bivalent oral polio vaccine bOPV), IPV has been used in UIP as part of the Global Polio end-game plan. When IPV first launched in November 2015, it was only available in six states. By April 2016, it was available nationwide. |
| Rotavirus vaccine (RVV) | In March 2016, RVV was introduced to help reduce rotavirus diarrhea-related mortality and morbidity. 11 states have introduced it (Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Tripura, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh). In 2019–20, the vaccination was made available nationwide. |
| Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine | India is committed to the objectives of eliminating measles and controlling rubella, and in order to meet these objectives, the MR vaccine was introduced throughout the nation in a campaign mode and in a phased manner in 2017.
|
| Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) | In order to lower infant mortality and morbidity brought on by pneumococcal pneumonia, PCV was introduced in May 2017. It has been implemented in 19 districts of Uttar Pradesh, and 18 districts of Rajasthan, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. |
| Tetanus and Adult Diphtheria (Td) Vaccine | To prevent the decreasing immunity against diphtheria in older age groups, the Td vaccine has been added to UIP in place of the TT vaccine. Both pregnant women and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 16 should receive the Td vaccine. |
Also, check out the article on DPT Vaccines for UPSC preparation!
Mission Indradhanush
- Mission Indradhanush (MI) was started in December 2014. The goal of Mission Indradhanush (MI) is to increase the full immunization coverage for children to 90%.
- In this campaign, communities with low immunization coverage and remote locations with a high percentage of unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children are given special attention.
- The Extended Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (48,929 villages across 117 aspirational districts) and Gram Swaraj Abhiyan (16,850 villages across 541 districts) both recognized it as one of their flagship programs
- The union government launched Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 3.0 in February 2020, to extend the coverage of the national immunization program.
- Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 4.0 was launched in February 2022, to further accelerate the boost for the immunization drive in India.
Significance of Boost for Immunisation Drive in India
- The importance of Immunization is that it inhibits the development or recurrence of diseases.
- There are several diseases and potentially fatal infections for which there are no medicinal cures. These disorders have the potential to lead to deadly complications at times.
- Getting immunised helps to prevent a variety of complex diseases.
- Vaccinations are secure and reliable. To ensure their safety, scientists, physicians, and the federal government thoroughly examine each vaccine.
- Not every child has a strong immune system from birth. Some people have weak immune systems from birth, while others run the risk of developing autoimmune diseases.
- Even after receiving vaccinations, those persons might not develop strong resistance hence, Immunization is the sole way to protect against some diseases.
Conclusion
The government of India has launched a significant programme called Boost for Immunization Drive in India. The immunisation campaign’s important feature is that it not only protects children and infants but also adults and senior citizens. since the coronavirus vaccination campaign began in the nation. It becomes crucial to get immunised.
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