2019 Nobel Prize in Medicine - Recipients

The Nobel Prize in Medicine for 2019 was awarded to the following individuals:

1. William G Kaelin – Professor at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham & Womens Hospital Harvard Medical School, USA
2. Sir Peter J Ratcliffe – Director of Clinical Research at the Francis Crick Institute in London, and Director of Target Discovery Institute at Oxford, U.K
3. Greg L Semenza – Professor of Genetic Medicine at John Hopkins, USA

Summary of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Medicine Discovery

While the importance of oxygen has been known for centuries, how cells adapt to changes in oxygen levels was unclear. The 2019 Nobel laureates in Medicine discovered how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. They identified the molecular machinery that regulates gene activity in response to oxygen levels, laying the groundwork for understanding how oxygen levels affect cellular metabolism and physiological functions. Their discoveries have implications for treating diseases like cancer, heart attacks, stroke, and anemia, and for understanding processes like wound healing and altitude adaptation.

The details provided above will assist candidates in preparing for the UPSC 2021 .

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