Understanding Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Therapy

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-surgical brain stimulation technique that utilizes electromagnetic fields to generate electrical currents within specific mood-regulating areas of the brain.

How Does rTMS Work?

• rTMS operates by emitting electromagnetic pulses from a coil positioned on the scalp. These pulses modulate the cortical activity of the brain.
• The underlying action mechanism of rTMS involves the amplification of neuronal activity and the modification of the connection strength between various brain regions. The electromagnetic pulses generate electrical currents within the brain tissue, influencing the membrane potential of brain cells.

Applications of rTMS

• Research has shown that rTMS may help treat depression by rectifying irregular signaling patterns between different brain regions. Furthermore, it has shown potential in alleviating symptoms of various neuropsychiatric conditions.
• In 2008, rTMS was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
• Conditions such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are also being explored as potential candidates for rTMS treatment.

Potential Side Effects of TMS

• Though rare, rTMS may trigger seizures in susceptible individuals, such as those with a family history of epilepsy. Fast-paced rTMS may present a higher seizure risk compared to slower rTMS. However, current safety protocols have significantly minimized the risk of seizures.
• Common minor side effects include muscle tension headaches. It is recommended to use earplugs during the session to prevent temporary changes in hearing threshold due to the noise produced by the equipment.

Further Reading