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Bhutan Plans Fund for Green Crypto Mining - UPSC Current Affairs

Bhutan's official investment body has recently announced an ambitious plan. The country intends to amass a fund of up to $500 million. And the purpose? To promote the development of green crypto mining. This article explores the concept of green crypto mining and delves into Bhutan’s vision for it from the viewpoint of the IAS exam.

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Bhutan's Vision for Green Crypto Mining

The fund will be utilized by Bitdeer, a Singapore-based firm, to establish a 100-megawatt operation in Bhutan.

  • Bitdeer, owned by Chinese entrepreneur Jihan Wu, ranks among the leading crypto miners in terms of computing power.
  • The construction is expected to commence in the second quarter of 2023.
  • Notably, for a country exploring crypto opportunities, crypto mining could be the least risky method. For now, Bhutan's focus is on Bitcoin.

Objectives and Tactics:

  • The aim is to establish carbon-neutral digital mining utilizing Bhutan’s plentiful hydroelectric power.
  • Bhutan aspires to diversify its economy, which currently heavily depends on hydropower revenues.
  • The country will consider assets that are low in volume but high in value, including digital assets.
  • Green mining will aid in fulfilling Bhutan's commitment to ecological conservation and sustainable development goals.
  • Bhutan also hopes to benefit from the global surge in cryptocurrencies since the end of the pandemic slump.

The Essence of Green Crypto Mining

  • Crypto mining demands energy to power the computers that validate and document cryptocurrency transactions.
  • Traditionally, this energy is derived from burning coal or fossil fuels, which contribute to carbon emissions and consequently to global warming and climate change.
  • Green crypto mining, on the other hand, relies on renewable energy sources like solar power, hydroelectric power, and nuclear energy, which produce little to no carbon emissions.

Significance: Bhutan's foray into the volatile and often speculative world of crypto is significant due to the country's unique approach to measuring economic success. Bhutan uses a “ Gross National Happiness ” index, which considers factors like psychological well-being and ecological diversity to gauge the standard of living.

A Brief Overview of Cryptocurrency:
  • Cryptocurrency is a digital asset distributed across multiple computers in a shared network. The decentralized nature of this network protects them from government regulatory control.
  • The term “cryptocurrency” stems from the encryption techniques used to secure the network.

According to computer experts, any system classified as cryptocurrency must fulfill the following criteria:

  • The system must be decentralized and maintained through distributed networks.
  • The system must keep track of cryptocurrency units and their owners.
  • The system must determine if new units can be created and, if so, it must establish the origin and terms of ownership.
  • Ownership of cryptocurrency units must be provable exclusively through cryptographic means.
  • The system must allow transactions that change the ownership of cryptographic units.

Learn more about cryptocurrency in the linked article.

Related Links
Crypto Trade under Money Laundering Laws Bhutan's Graduation from the 'Least Developed Country' Status
World Development Report 2023 SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication)
East Asia Summit (EAS) National Strategy on Blockchain
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