H3N2 and Influenza Virus: Detailed Analysis for UPSC Exam

Further Information:

• The ICMR operates 30 Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories (VRDL) for the monitoring of respiratory viruses. These VRDLs collect samples from patients suffering from severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and are affiliated with premier medical colleges across various States.
• Surveillance data from December 15 indicates a surge in the incidence of Influenza A H3N2.
• Of all the SARI patients diagnosed with Influenza A H3N2, 7% required intensive care unit (ICU) treatment, and 10% needed oxygen support.
• This virus subtype is causing more hospital admissions compared to other Influenza variants.
• As per ICMR, approximately 50% of all patients hospitalized with SARI were found to be suffering from Influenza A H3N2.
  • 6% of these patients exhibited symptoms of seizures.
  • 16% displayed signs indicative of pneumonia.
  • 16% presented with wheezing symptoms.
  • 27% developed breathlessness.
  • 86% reported coughing.
  • 92% experienced fever.

Image source: Thehindu

About Influenza H3N2:

• Influenza H3N2, also referred to as the "Hong Kong flu," is a strain of the influenza virus that can cause respiratory ailments in humans.
• It is a variant of the Influenza A virus and has been the cause of several flu outbreaks in the past.
• Transmission: Influenza H3N2 is highly infectious and can spread from person to person through droplets expelled when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. It can also spread by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching one’s mouth or nose.
• Symptoms: Symptoms include prolonged illness, fatigue, chills, headache, body aches, runny nose, sore throat, cough, and fever. Some individuals may also experience diarrhoea and vomiting. These symptoms usually last for about a week, but can persist longer in some cases.
• Treatment: Rest, intake of ample fluids, and administering acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce fever and alleviate pain.
• Precautions: Covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and regular hand washing with soap and water.