Detailed List of Navratna Companies for UPSC Preparation:-

Overview of the 14 Navratna Companies – Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE)

Navratna companies have the authority to invest up to Rs 1,000 crore without explicit government approval. At present, the Government of India has classified 14 Central Public Sector Enterprises as Navratna Companies based on the established criteria.

The following table provides the list of Navratna Companies (Updated till January 2020)

Understanding the Eligibility Criteria & Advantages of the Navratna Status

Eligibility Criteria:

To qualify as a Navratna, a company must first be a Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board. Furthermore, the company must score 60 (out of 100) based on the parameters listed below:

1. PBDIT (Profit Before Depreciation, Interest, and Taxes)
2. Total Manpower Cost
3. Cost of Services
4. Capital Employed
5. Net Worth
6. Net Profit
7. Cost of Services

Investment Benefits:

Navratna companies can invest up to Rs. 1,000 crores or 15% of their net worth on a single project or 30% of their net worth in a year (not exceeding Rs. 1,000 crores).

Detailed Insights into the 14 Navratna Companies

Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

1. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is a public sector enterprise that specializes in aerospace and defence. It has nine factories and several regional offices scattered throughout India.
2. Established in 1954 in Bengaluru, Karnataka, BEL has been a pioneer in its field.
3. The company's revenue for the year 2020 was ₹12,921.11 crore (US$1.8 billion).

Notable Products by Bharat Electronics Limited

Here are some key products manufactured by BEL:

1. Avionics
2. Radars
3. Weapon Systems
4. C4I Systems
5. Electronic Voting Machines

Container Corporation of India

1. The Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) is a Navratna Public Sector Undertaking under the Indian Ministry of Railways. Established in March 1988, CONCOR took over an existing network of seven inland container depots (ICDs) from Indian Railways in November 1989.
2. Indian Railway's strategic initiative to containerise cargo transport in 1966 put India on the intermodal freight transport map. Given India's vast size, rail transport is often the most cost-effective option for all cargo over medium and long distances.

Engineers India Limited (EIL)

Engineers India Limited (EIL) is a Navratna public-sector undertaking of the Government of India under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Established in 1965, EIL provides engineering and related technical services for petroleum refineries and other industrial projects.

EIL has grown into a design, engineering, and turnkey contracting company in the following fields:

1. Petroleum refining
2. Petrochemicals, chemicals, and fertilisers
3. Pipelines
4. Offshore oil and gas
5. Onshore oil and gas
6. Terminals and storages
7. Mining and metallurgy
8. Infrastructure

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is a state-owned aerospace and defence company, with its headquarters in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India. It is under the administrative control of the Indian Ministry of Defence.

HAL is primarily involved in the operations of aerospace and is currently engaged in the following activities:

1. Design
2. Fabrication and Assembly of aircraft
3. Jet Engines
4. Helicopters and their spare parts

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

1. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) is a state-owned telecommunications service provider and a wholly-owned subsidiary of BSNL, based in New Delhi, India. MTNL was established in 1986.
2. MTNL offers services in the metro cities of Mumbai and New Delhi in India and in the island nation of Mauritius in Africa.

National Aluminium Company (NALCO)

1. NALCO is one of the largest integrated Bauxite-Alumina-Aluminium-Power Complexes in the country, encompassing bauxite mining, alumina refining, aluminium smelting and casting, power generation, rail, and port operations.
2. As per the Wood McKenzie report, the Company is the lowest-cost producer of metallurgical grade alumina in the World and the lowest-cost producer of Bauxite in the world.
3. NALCO's headquarters are located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

NBCC (India) Limited

1. NBCC was incorporated in 1960 as a wholly-owned Government of India enterprise under the erstwhile Ministry of Works, Housing & Supply (MoWHS), which is now known as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
2. NBCC's headquarters are located in New Delhi, and it has 31 regional offices across India.
3. NBCC is designated as the implementing agency for executing projects under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (PMGSY), Solid Waste Management (SWM), and developmental work in North Eastern Region.

National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC)

1. NMDC is involved in the exploration of iron ore, copper, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, bentonite, magnesite, diamond, tin, tungsten, graphite, and more.
2. As India’s largest iron ore producer and exporter, NMDC produces more than 35 million tonnes of iron ore from three mechanized mines in Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. It also operates the only mechanized diamond mine in the country at Panna in Madhya Pradesh.

Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) India Limited

1. Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) was incorporated in 1956 and was wholly owned by the government of India. A small portion of its stock was sold to the public to list its shares on stock exchanges where its shares are traded. It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal.
2. NLC annually produces about 30 million tonnes of Lignite from opencast mines at Neyveli in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India and at Barsingsar in Bikaner district of Rajasthan state. The lignite is used at pithead thermal power stations of 3640 MW installed capacity to produce electricity.

Oil India Limited (OIL)

1. Oil India Limited (OIL) is a state-owned Navratna under the administrative control of India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
2. OIL is engaged in the business of exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas, transportation of crude oil and production of liquid petroleum gas.
3. Oil India Limited (OIL) is the second-largest hydrocarbon exploration and production Indian public sector company with its operational headquarters in Duliajan, Assam, India.

Power Finance Corporation (P.F.C)

Initially wholly owned by the Government of India, P.F.C issued an initial public offering in January 2007. The issue was oversubscribed by over 76 times, setting a record for an IPO of any Indian company.

The services offered by Power Finance Corporation (P.F.C) include:

1. Financial Consulting
2. Financial Products
3. Investment Banking
4. Loan Management
5. Linkage Management

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd, also known as Vizag Steel, is a Public steel producer based in Visakhapatnam, India. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) is the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), India’s first shore-based integrated steel plant built with state-of-the-art technology.

RINL – Subsidiaries

1. Eastern Investments Limited (EIL)
2. The Orissa Minerals Development Company Limited (OMDC)
3. The Bisra Stone Lime Company Limited (BSLC)

REC Limited

1. Formerly known as Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, REC Limited is a public Infrastructure Finance Company in India’s power sector.
2. The company provides loans to Central/ State Sector Power Utilities in the country, State Electricity Boards, Rural Electric Cooperatives, NGOs, and Private Power Developers.

Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)

1. SCI was established on 2 October 1961 by the amalgamation of Eastern Shipping Corporation and Western Shipping Corporation. Two more shipping companies, Jayanti Shipping Company and Mogul Lines Limited, were merged with SCI in 1973 and 1986 respectively.
2. In 2008, SCI was awarded the prestigious “Navratna” status by the Indian Government. On the 21st of November 2019, the Government of India approved the privatisation of SCI.

Detailed List of Navratna Companies for UPSC Preparation:-

Understanding the Eligibility Criteria & Advantages of the Navratna Status

To qualify as a Navratna, a company must first be a Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board. Furthermore, the company must score 60 (out of 100) based on the parameters listed below:

1. PBDIT (Profit Before Depreciation, Interest, and Taxes)
2. Total Manpower Cost
3. Cost of Services
4. Capital Employed
5. Net Worth
6. Net Profit
7. Cost of Services

Investment Benefits:

Navratna companies can invest up to Rs. 1,000 crores or 15% of their net worth on a single project or 30% of their net worth in a year (not exceeding Rs. 1,000 crores).

Detailed Insights into the 14 Navratna Companies

Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

1. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is a public sector enterprise that specializes in aerospace and defence. It has nine factories and several regional offices scattered throughout India.
2. Established in 1954 in Bengaluru, Karnataka, BEL has been a pioneer in its field.
3. The company's revenue for the year 2020 was ₹12,921.11 crore (US$1.8 billion).

Notable Products by Bharat Electronics Limited

Here are some key products manufactured by BEL:

1. Avionics
2. Radars
3. Weapon Systems
4. C4I Systems
5. Electronic Voting Machines

Container Corporation of India

1. The Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) is a Navratna Public Sector Undertaking under the Indian Ministry of Railways. Established in March 1988, CONCOR took over an existing network of seven inland container depots (ICDs) from Indian Railways in November 1989.
2. Indian Railway's strategic initiative to containerise cargo transport in 1966 put India on the intermodal freight transport map. Given India's vast size, rail transport is often the most cost-effective option for all cargo over medium and long distances.

Engineers India Limited (EIL)

Engineers India Limited (EIL) is a Navratna public-sector undertaking of the Government of India under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. Established in 1965, EIL provides engineering and related technical services for petroleum refineries and other industrial projects.

EIL has grown into a design, engineering, and turnkey contracting company in the following fields:

1. Petroleum refining
2. Petrochemicals, chemicals, and fertilisers
3. Pipelines
4. Offshore oil and gas
5. Onshore oil and gas
6. Terminals and storages
7. Mining and metallurgy
8. Infrastructure

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is a state-owned aerospace and defence company, with its headquarters in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India. It is under the administrative control of the Indian Ministry of Defence.

HAL is primarily involved in the operations of aerospace and is currently engaged in the following activities:

1. Design
2. Fabrication and Assembly of aircraft
3. Jet Engines
4. Helicopters and their spare parts

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

1. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) is a state-owned telecommunications service provider and a wholly-owned subsidiary of BSNL, based in New Delhi, India. MTNL was established in 1986.
2. MTNL offers services in the metro cities of Mumbai and New Delhi in India and in the island nation of Mauritius in Africa.

National Aluminium Company (NALCO)

1. NALCO is one of the largest integrated Bauxite-Alumina-Aluminium-Power Complexes in the country, encompassing bauxite mining, alumina refining, aluminium smelting and casting, power generation, rail, and port operations.
2. As per the Wood McKenzie report, the Company is the lowest-cost producer of metallurgical grade alumina in the World and the lowest-cost producer of Bauxite in the world.
3. NALCO's headquarters are located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

NBCC (India) Limited

1. NBCC was incorporated in 1960 as a wholly-owned Government of India enterprise under the erstwhile Ministry of Works, Housing & Supply (MoWHS), which is now known as the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
2. NBCC's headquarters are located in New Delhi, and it has 31 regional offices across India.
3. NBCC is designated as the implementing agency for executing projects under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna (PMGSY), Solid Waste Management (SWM), and developmental work in North Eastern Region.

National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC)

1. NMDC is involved in the exploration of iron ore, copper, rock phosphate, limestone, dolomite, gypsum, bentonite, magnesite, diamond, tin, tungsten, graphite, and more.
2. As India’s largest iron ore producer and exporter, NMDC produces more than 35 million tonnes of iron ore from three mechanized mines in Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. It also operates the only mechanized diamond mine in the country at Panna in Madhya Pradesh.

Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) India Limited

1. Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) was incorporated in 1956 and was wholly owned by the government of India. A small portion of its stock was sold to the public to list its shares on stock exchanges where its shares are traded. It is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal.
2. NLC annually produces about 30 million tonnes of Lignite from opencast mines at Neyveli in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India and at Barsingsar in Bikaner district of Rajasthan state. The lignite is used at pithead thermal power stations of 3640 MW installed capacity to produce electricity.

Oil India Limited (OIL)

1. Oil India Limited (OIL) is a state-owned Navratna under the administrative control of India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
2. OIL is engaged in the business of exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas, transportation of crude oil and production of liquid petroleum gas.
3. Oil India Limited (OIL) is the second-largest hydrocarbon exploration and production Indian public sector company with its operational headquarters in Duliajan, Assam, India.

Power Finance Corporation (P.F.C)

Initially wholly owned by the Government of India, P.F.C issued an initial public offering in January 2007. The issue was oversubscribed by over 76 times, setting a record for an IPO of any Indian company.

The services offered by Power Finance Corporation (P.F.C) include:

1. Financial Consulting
2. Financial Products
3. Investment Banking
4. Loan Management
5. Linkage Management

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam

Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd, also known as Vizag Steel, is a Public steel producer based in Visakhapatnam, India. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) is the corporate entity of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (VSP), India’s first shore-based integrated steel plant built with state-of-the-art technology.

RINL – Subsidiaries

1. Eastern Investments Limited (EIL)
2. The Orissa Minerals Development Company Limited (OMDC)
3. The Bisra Stone Lime Company Limited (BSLC)

REC Limited

1. Formerly known as Rural Electrification Corporation Limited, REC Limited is a public Infrastructure Finance Company in India’s power sector.
2. The company provides loans to Central/ State Sector Power Utilities in the country, State Electricity Boards, Rural Electric Cooperatives, NGOs, and Private Power Developers.

Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)

1. SCI was established on 2 October 1961 by the amalgamation of Eastern Shipping Corporation and Western Shipping Corporation. Two more shipping companies, Jayanti Shipping Company and Mogul Lines Limited, were merged with SCI in 1973 and 1986 respectively.
2. In 2008, SCI was awarded the prestigious “Navratna” status by the Indian Government. On the 21st of November 2019, the Government of India approved the privatisation of SCI.