Types of Cyber Attacks UPSC Notes: Cyber Attack Techniques

Cyber attacks have become a major concern in today's digital era. They are threats aimed at infiltrating computer systems, networks, infrastructures, or personal computing devices. These attacks can be executed through a plethora of methods. These malicious activities encompass a diverse range of tactics aimed at exploiting vulnerabilities in computer systems and networks. From phishing and ransomware to DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks and malware infiltrations, cyber attackers employ various techniques to compromise data integrity, steal sensitive information, or disrupt digital operations. As technology advances, the landscape of cyber threats evolves, requiring constant vigilance and adaptive cybersecurity measures to thwart the diverse types of cybercrime that can compromise the security of our digital infrastructure.

In this article, we will explore various types of Cyber Attacks that can potentially target specific computer systems for different motives.

The knowledge shared in this write-up will be beneficial for those preparing for the Science and Technology section of the UPSC IAS exam.

About Cyber Attacks

Cyber attacks can be a part of cyberwarfare or cyberterrorism and can be launched by individuals, groups, organizations, or even sovereign states. They can originate from anonymous sources and sometimes, a product that enables a cyber attack is referred to as a cyberweapon.

Cyber attacks can steal, modify, or destroy a specific target by hacking into a vulnerable system.

Types of Cyber Attacks

Hackers employ a variety of methods to exploit, infiltrate, or attack a computer system. We will discuss some of the most common techniques below.

Phishing

• Definition: Phishing involves tricking individuals into divulging sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial details, by posing as a trustworthy entity.
• Method: Attackers often use deceptive emails, messages, or websites that mimic legitimate sources to lure victims.

Malware

• Definition: Malicious software (malware) encompasses various harmful programs designed to infiltrate and damage computer systems.
• Types: Includes viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware, each with specific functions such as data theft, system disruption, or financial extortion.

Ransomware

• Definition: Ransomware encrypts a victim's files or systems, demanding payment (usually in cryptocurrency) for the decryption key.
• Method: Typically spreads through malicious email attachments, infected websites, or exploiting vulnerabilities.

DDoS Attacks

• Definition: Distributed Denial of Service attacks overload a network or website with traffic, rendering it inaccessible to users.
• Method: Utilizes a network of compromised computers (botnets) to flood the target with traffic, causing server overload.

Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks

• Definition: MitM attacks involve intercepting and potentially altering communication between two parties without their knowledge.
• Method: Attackers position themselves between the communicating parties, allowing them to eavesdrop or manipulate data.

SQL Injection

• Definition: SQL injection exploits vulnerabilities in a web application's database by injecting malicious SQL code.
• Method: Attackers input manipulated SQL commands into user input fields, enabling unauthorized access or data manipulation.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

• Definition: XSS involves injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users.
• Method: Attackers inject scripts into websites, which are then executed by unsuspecting users' browsers, enabling data theft or session hijacking.

Zero-Day Exploits

• Definition: Zero-day exploits target vulnerabilities unknown to the software vendor or developers.
• Method: Cybercriminals exploit newly discovered weaknesses before security patches are available, making them challenging to defend against.

Social Engineering

• Definition: Social engineering manipulates individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security.
• Methods: Involves tactics like impersonation, pretexting, or exploiting psychological manipulation to gain unauthorized access.

Drive-By Downloads

• Definition: Drive-by downloads occur when malware is automatically downloaded and installed on a user's device without their knowledge.
• Method: Often exploits vulnerabilities in web browsers or plugins, silently infecting systems when users visit compromised websites.

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Types of Cyber Attacks Previous Years Mains Questions

Q1. Keeping in view India’s internal security, analyze the impact of cross-border cyber attacks. Also, discuss defensive measures against these sophisticated attacks. (2021).

Q2. Discuss different types of Cybercrimes and measures required to be taken to fight the menace. (2020)

Q3. What is the Cyberdome Project? Explain how it can be useful in controlling internet crimes in India? (2019)

Q4. Discuss the potential threats of Cybercrimes and the security framework to prevent it. (2017)

Q5. The use of the internet and social media by non-state actors for subversive activities is a major security concern. How have these been misused in the recent past? Suggest effective guidelines to curb the above threat. (2016)

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